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(6) and (7), u 1, u 4, v 1, v 2, v 3, and v 4 are the horizontal and vertical displacements of the virtual four-node plane element; ε y and γ are the mean vertical strain and shear strain of the virtual plane element (see Fig. 4).
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The average vertical strain is 2~8% and radial strain is 1~4% of human lumbar AF under neutral compression [ 64].
"I mean, vertical".
Figure 8 shows the strain field distribution, vertical strain and shear strain contour.
Open image in new window Fig. 8 Roof vertical strain and shear strain contour.
Vertical fluctuations were found to decrease though an increase in the mean vertical component.
The band gap is narrowed by compressive in-plane strain and tensile vertical strain.
Hence, the horizontal strain (X-strain), the vertical strain (Y-strain), and the shear strain (XY-shear strain) changed significantly at all monitoring points as presented in Figs. 9, 10, and 11, respectively.
Fig. 10 Mean vertical and horizontal augmentation height (mm).
Figure 3B gives the mean vertical trajectory of the honeybees plotted every 5 cm.
These ground reaction forces were normalized for each dog's body weight and mean peak vertical force (PVF) and mean vertical impulse were used as variables [ 49].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com