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Fig. 2 Quiet time mean vertical drift variations as a function of local time and longitude as constructed from ROCSAT-1 observation at 600 km.
The difference is that the occurrence probability of ESF is low (< 30% in most cases) even for the mean vertical drift at ~ 60 m/s in Su et al. (2008) but high (~ 100%) for the mean vertical drift at ~ 40 m/s in Kil et al. (2009).
The similarity in the conclusions of these studies is that the occurrence probability of ESF/plasma bubbles increases approximately linearly with the mean vertical drift over the interval of 1800 1900 LT or 1730 1930 LT.
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Correspondingly, the mean PRE vertical drift amplitudes representing the two groups of days (bottom panel) is significantly larger for the days of larger oscillation amplitude ("coherent" oscillations) than it is for the smaller amplitude (random) oscillations.
30 MHz coherent backscatter radar observations at Saõ Luís have shown that evening mean upward vertical drifts are a necessary but not sufficient condition for the occurrence of topside ESF echoes (Smith et al. 2015).
In both DMSP and ROCSAT-1 data, the mean value of vertical drift velocities within ±5o from the magnetic equator is used to represent the vertical drift over the magnetic equator.
Night-time drift values display large variability around a near zero vertical drift average.
Additionally, the ionospheric vertical drift above the FKS was mainly downward, and its mean daily velocity reached the maximum of 6.8 m/s on Oct 18 ,but the ionospheric vertical drift velocity suddenly increased to 70 m/s and lasted for a few minutes before typhoon center arrived above the FKS.
Drift correction was performed using Peakselector by measuring the mean vertical (resp horizontal) position of a straight horizontal (resp vertical) segment of microtubules as a function of frame number, performing a moving average over this function (moving average over 1000 frames), and subtracting the fitted function from the vertical (resp horizontal) coordinates of all the peaks.
Although the zonal mean of WN4 in vertical drifts should be zero, our simulations suggested that DE3 tide also affects the longitudinal mean states of vertical E × B plasma drifts and of the EIA structure in plasma density.
The root mean square errors (RMSE) in the vertical drifts during the post sun-set hours computed between the IRI vertical drift model and Ionosonde measured values are found to be 13.54, 21.68 and 22.39 m/s for summer, equinox and winter seasons respectively.
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