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While the PIC-based algorithms, being introduced in Section 4.2, only make use of the mean values x ̃ k [ m, s ], the symbol-wise MAP detector works with the probability mass function of x[m,s], denoted Pa(x[m, s]).
On the basis of the reference range, we obtained mean values (X ¯ ) and standard deviation (S).
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First, the histogram and the mean value x ¯ β for each pixel component are calculated, using a 3 × 3 processing window.
The mean value x ¯ and the standard deviation of currents for the 4-μm 4-μmces at a readevicesge (Vreat) of 1 V aread9.96 and 9.33 mA, while those voltagefor the 8-μm deVread are 46.14 and 6.61 mA, respectively.
For instance Germany use 36% Crude Oil (640 gr. CO2/kWh), 25% Solid fuels (pulverized coal 870 gr. CO2 /kWh), 23% gas (380 gr. CO2/kWh), 12% nuclear (66 gr. CO2/kWh) and 4% renewable (30 gr. CO2/kWh), arriving at a mean value X network Germany = 549 gr.
The mean value (x ± standard error) of chl-a, KdPAR, and TSS was then calculated for each water type over the sampling period (Figure 3, step i). Figure 3 Summary of the process followed to compare and validate in-situ water quality concentrations with the information derived from annual and multi-annual frequency maps.
The mean value (x) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for the obtained test results.
Accordingly, the stationary probability distribution P st(x) and the mean value (x) st can be obtained and shown in Figures 9- 10.
When the true HFUPR is exactly at the 10th percentile point (x 10), the measured HFUPR will have a normal distribution with the mean value (x 10).
The mean value X ¯ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaisgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adeterminedaGaaiaabyqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaWaa0aaaeaacqWGybawaaaaaa@2D1D@ is dethemined by the amount of owned resources according to the payoff table shown in Table 1.
For scalar Gaussian random variable with mean value x - and dispersion D, the confidence interval is (x - - r, x - + r ), where (10) r = c 2 D, c = er f − 1 (P ), erf (x ) = 2 π ∫ 0 x e − t 2 d t, and P is a fiducial probability.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com