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Then, a nonlinear regression is performed for each specimen, and the mean trabecular thickness is estimated.
Although the trabecular surface was markedly irregular in osteoblastic metastases, no significant difference was found in the mean trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) between osteoblastic metastases and normal tissue.
The frequency dependence of the theoretical (Faran) backscatter coefficients were f2,89±0,06 and f3,91±0,04 respectively, corresponding to Rayleigh scattering (mean trabecular thickness (71 ± 18 μm).
We also find a close agreement between theoretical predictions obtained using the Gaussian autocorrelation function (scatterer size = 134 ± 15 μm) and the mean trabecular thickness (Tb.Th = 132 ± 12 μm) derived from the analysis of bone 3-D micro-architecture using high-resolution micro-tomography.
The following parameters were determined from the trabecular bone using a direct three-dimensional approach [40]: total bone marrow volume including the trabeculae (TV; mm3), trabecular bone volume (BV; mm3), trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), mean trabecular number (Tb.N; 1/mm), mean trabecular thickness (Tb.Th; mm), and mean trabecular separation (Tb.Sp; mm).
Mean trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) was determined from the local thickness at each voxel representing bone [ 38].
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The mean cortical bone thickness (CBT) and the mean trabecular bone thickness (TBT) were measured in 5 fields/slide from 5 slides for each rat.
Bone volume fraction (BV/TV) of the eight different cube sites (sample) ranged from 0.408 to 0.501 (mean: 0.453); trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) ranged from 158.1 to 185.5 μm (mean: 168.6 μm); and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) ranged from 179.4 to 233.1 μm (mean: 204.7 μm).
For determining the diameter of the vessels, the sphere algorithm (implemented in the CtAn software) and routinely used to measure the mean bone trabecular thickness was used [22].
Structural parameters included the apparent trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), apparent trabecular number (Tb.N), apparent trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), apparent trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), mean trabecular area, mean trabecular perimeter, mean trabecular roundness and mean skeleton length [ 41].
In vivo cyclic loading significantly increased the bone volume fraction, direct trabecular thickness, mean intercept length, and mineral apposition rate in the loaded limbs compared with contralateral limbs.
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