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Table 1 shows the mean toenail selenium levels of BE cases, stratified by 2-year follow-up periods in which they were diagnosed.
The mean toenail selenium levels of the cases according to the year of follow-up were compared, and differences were tested using a t-test.
In that study, conducted in the Netherlands between 1986 and 1992, mean toenail selenium concentrations were substantially lower than ours, in both men and women (0.536 for men, 0.568 for women).
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The median toenail selenium levels in the two BE case groups were comparable (0.552 and 0.553 μg/g).
Subcohort members had a median toenail selenium level of 0.553 μg/g, with lower levels in men (median 0.539 μg/g) than in women (0.564 μg/g).
The Dutch population that was used in this study has a low to moderate toenail selenium level (mean: 0.564 μg/g in the subcohort) when compared with mean levels found in other populations (general population or control subjects): China (Sichuan province) 0.211 μg/g [ 36], Finland 0.47 μg/g [ 37], USA 0.83 0.92 μg/g [ 38], Colombia 0.945 μg/g [ 39], and USA (South Dakota/Wyoming) 1.517 μg/g [ 19].
Serum and toenail selenium are both biomarkers of selenium intake but are likely to reflect different selenium compartments.
In the literature, the determination of "selenium status" includes serum selenium, plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, urinary selenium, and hair or toenail selenium.
In 2008, the toenail selenium determinations were carried out for the BE cases.
For continuous analysis, a 0.06 μg/g increment in toenail selenium was chosen.
Toenail selenium determinations were carried out by the Reactor Institute Delft Delft University of Technologyy, Delft, the Netherlands).
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