C, non-induced daphnids (control); N, Notonecta-induced daphnids; T, Triops-induced daphnids; SEM, standard error of mean; H, test statistics.
In the same manuscript they derived the form of optimal weights that maximize the average power in terms of the unknown means when test statistics are normally distributed.
Means, mean differences, SEs, test statistics and p-values for all QoL subscales, separate for time points and patient groups, were calculated.
Means, SDs and test statistics are provided in Table 3.
For comparison, we provide means, SDs and test statistics of the main user group effect for the same set of dependent variables in Table 4. Owing to the uncertainty around the self-admitted doping users, these athletes have been excluded.
Furthermore, we can use the distance between the mean elements of two distributions p, p′, (the maximum mean discrepancy, MMD) as test statistics.
Differences between mean and variance corrected test statistics may not follow a χ-distribution.
Differences in allele frequencies that are artefacts of cryptic population stratification or genotyping errors may inflate test statistics (mean and median χ values) above their expectations under the null hypothesis.
A higher test statistics means a stronger "increasing" message.
The low power of the test statistics means, however, we cannot exclude that FS larvae had an even weaker negative effect on A. nidulans.
