Global warming is defined by the global mean surface temperature.
(a), Simulated global mean surface temperature increase as a function of time.
Fyfe, J. C. et al. Skillful predictions of decadal trends in global mean surface temperature.
Running global mean surface temperature (GMST) trends with P-values obtained via an F-test.
The results highlighted the inadequacy of using the global mean surface temperature as the primary yardstick for climate change.
90% of the energy imbalance enters the ocean and is not visible to the global mean surface temperature value.
Global mean surface temperature (GMST) anomalies with reference to the period 1961 1990 and their running standard deviations (STDEVs).
(b) Change in water cycle as a percentage of historical mean versus change in global mean surface temperature.
In addition to robust multi-decadal warming, global mean surface temperature exhibits substantial decadal and interannual variability.
The observed global mean surface temperature is To = 288 K, corresponding to f = 0.77 in equation (7.16).
Bob Ward, policy director at the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change at the London School of Economics, said: "Global mean surface temperature continues to rise.
