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Trees greater than 30 cm in diameter have increased from a mean stem density of ∼1.6 trees per ha in 1890 to a mean stem density of ∼13.8 trees per ha in 2009.
Aspen persisted to postfire year 25 in 58% of the plots in which aspen were present in postfire year 11 (n = 45), and mean stem density declined from 522 to 310 stems ha−1.
Significant differences in the mean stem density of seedlings (F3, 8 = 8.83; P = 0.006) and saplings (F3, 8 = 8.82; P = 0.006) were observed among fire classes.
Where radial gradients are present, mean stem density increases or decreases with stem size and thus estimates of stem biomass and in turn carbon based on a mean species density become inaccurate (Nogueira et al., 2008).
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Mean stem densities of purple loosestrife increased in the herbicide alone treatments when compared to pretreatment levels.
The G. calmariensis alone treatments resulted in no significant change in mean stem densities; however, herbivory reduced mean stem heights by almost 70%.
The quadratic mean diameter and stem density were calculated for each site and the data were graphed on logarithmic scales and a regression equation fitted.
Theoretically the diameter of an open-grown tree should be approximately twice as large as that of a mean stem at maximum density (Sterba, 1975).
For age distribution, model observations show that STEM worker average age increases with STEM density.
However, Raymond et al. (2008) found outerwood density to be a poor predictor of mean stem stiffness in radiata pine.
We calibrated the model by adjusting selected parameters until averaged basal area, stem density and wood production rates under two different mean elevations (partially versus highly flooded) were qualitatively similar to comparable values reported for swamps in the literature.
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