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Steering strength is an important design criterion on the basis of which the steering systems of tractors and other self propelled devices are designed, and the mean steering torque was found to be 65.3 ± 8.0 and 49.2 ± 10.7 N m for male and female agricultural workers, respectively.
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Where τ is the steering torque, v is the average speed [m/s] and R c is the cornering radius.
c Steering torque in cooperative path control.
c Steering torque in cooperative path planning.
As such a system reacts to the drivers input in terms of steering torque or steering effort, a sensor is required that accurately measures the steering torque.
Furthermore the authors study the detecting process of steering torque sensor in EPS control systems, and distinguish between actual steering torque and an ideal one.
Stabilization is achieved by measuring roll angle and roll rate and controlling the steering torque.
The acceleration index is mainly negative (i.e. negative steering torque, outwards of the curve) and characteristically, for a given radius, it transitions from negative to positive (i.e. positive steering torque, towards the curve) as speed increases.
Given the steering torque, driving torque and terrain structure, the forward dynamics problem is solved to obtain velocities, accelerations, forces and torques of all joints.
Huang et al. (2015) have proposed pulse steering torque warning system to overcome the lane departure accidents.
Negative applied steering torque is preferable because in this situation the motorcycle's tuning behaviour tends to be stable.
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