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Clinical evaluation of time domain measures of HRV have been extensive, using overall standard deviation (SDNN) to measure global variation, standard deviation of 5-min averages (SDANN) to evaluate long-term variation, and the square root of mean squared differences of consecutive NN intervals (RMSSD) to measure short-term variation.
In contrast, the following variables were devised as a measure of short-term variation: RMSSD (square root of the mean squared differences of consecutive NN intervals), NN50 (number of pairs of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms), and pNN50 (proportion of NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms = NN50 divided by total number of NN intervals).
During REC, the low frequency of HRV was lower while the high frequency and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals were higher (P < 0.05) than the rest in the temp compared to a full recovery in the cold.
From the ECG, rMSSD (square root of the mean squared differences of successive intervals) was summarized over the night (0 00 7:0 00 7
aHF, high frequency; SDNN, 5-min standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals; rMSSD, square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal-to-normal intervals; BC, black carbon; CO, carbon monoxide; NO, nitrogen monoxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxide.
We observed an inverse exposure-response relationship between workday PM2.5 mass and long-duration night HRV, specifically rMSSD (square root of the mean squared differences of successive intervals) and no associations between day HRV and workday PM2.5 mass concentration.
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The square root of the mean squared difference, dsd, (=√[(Σ d)/ n] where n is the number of patients) was then calculated.
The time-domain measures include rMSSD, the square root of the mean squared difference of successive normal to normal intervals, and SDNN, the SD of the normal to normal intervals.
The square root of the mean squared difference of successive RR-intervals (RMSSD) decreased during WI39 (14 ms) and WI36 (43 ms), whereas it increased during WI33 (72 ms) compared to rest before WI (52 ms).
Time domain analysis calculated several measures of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals, including the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean squared difference of successive NN intervals (rMSSD), and the proportion of the number of interval differences of successive NN intervals greater than 10 and 20 milliseconds over the total number of NN intervals (pNN10 and pNN20).
Given our particular interest in vagal activity, the square root of the mean squared difference of successive NN intervals (RMSSD, ms), the proportion of pairs of successive NNs that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50, %), and the spectral power expressed as normalized units of the high-frequency (HFn.u.; 0.15 0.4 Hz) band derived using a autoregressive algorithm are obtained.
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