We found that the fractal signature was more successful at discriminating between these textures than either the global fractal dimension or other metrics such as the mean width and root-mean-square width of the spectral density plots.
where MSE is the mean square error:, with being the width and height of the image in pixels.
In particular, it is shown that the design parameters that ensure a received signal with the minimum root-mean-square (rms) width achievable, which is called the temporal image of the incident pulse, are strongly dependent on the coherence properties of the input waveform.
By adopting a combination of beam coherence-polarization matrix and extended Huygens–Fresnel integral formula, analytical formulae are derived for the average intensity, the degree of polarization and the RMS (Root-Mean-Square) beam width of focused vector laser beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere, and the propagation of focused vector laser beams is studied in detail.
The LP could achieve as good mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), prediction interval normalized average width (PINAW) and prediction interval coverage probability (PICP) as 2.4%, 4.5%, 13%, 82%, respectively evaluated on the normalized load data.
Our proposed SPM can support lower VMIN with less mean square error than a conventional SPM with shortened word width.
Similarly, in Tables 2 and 3, the second column presents the mean square percentage distance for length MSPD λ (j) and width MSPD ϕ (j) for each subject.
The influences of some practical considerations, such as the geometry of the tapered cantilever and the width of piezoelectric patches on the root mean square of the generated electric power, are discussed.
Similarly, accuracy in estimating width for subject j has been computed by making reference to the mean square percentage distance computed as MSPD ϕ j = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N D ϕ i, j 2 (7).
