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Thus, this visualization shows three kinds of information at a specific location on the surface: The magnitude of the distance between the mean shapes of group A and group B: White color is used where the magnitudes are zero.
To examine the correspondence between the amounts of individual variation and FA, we computed the variances based on the two distance measures for data sets with either the mean shapes of both wings or the signed (right−left) differences of wing shape.
However, a higher resolution is obtained when mean shapes of several specimens per locality are compared with each other.
The mean shapes of the five T. polli populations clearly differed from those of all T. moorii 'Kaiser' and 'Kirschfleck' populations.
A scatterplot of the first two PCS of a PCA on the Procrustes coordinates of the strain mean shapes of C57BL/6J, PWD and the CS strains shows that this is not the case.
Because male and female samples are independent within each species, covariance matrices for SShD were computed as the sum of the covariance matrices for the mean shapes of the males and females.
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These effects would affect the mean shape of the ASM vector coils and, as a consequence, their transfer functions.
It is further found that dendrite coherency depends on both the internal solid fraction within dendrite envelopes and the mean shape of envelopes at coherency.
We used the pooled within-group covariance matrix (within genotypes and sexes) to compute the Mahalanobis distance of each observation from the mean shape of its group [27].
As our data suggest, the size and mean shape of this population, as well as the level of quantitative variation (using the shell as a proxy of a quantitative trait), parallel the extremely low genetic diversity at neutral loci, indicating a possibly reduced potential to respond to environmental disturbance.
Population 1 has the mean shape of modern Americans.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com