High-resolution melting (HRM) of small amplicons in the presence of intercalating dyes is increasingly used as a means to reveal sequence variation [ 5, 6], and has the advantage of being a closed-tube assay.
Similarly, we have proposed that, in an RNA world evolving at acidic pH, non-standard base pairing interactions due to base protonation could have provided a means of increasing RNA sequence variation through non-enzymatic replication [ 5].
Replication ambiguity due to non-standard base pairing may have provided an additional means of increasing RNA sequence variation in the early RNA world.
Exploratory efforts with a small number of strains suggested early on that short-read sequencing is an efficient means of describing whole-genome sequence variation in A. thaliana11,12, and on the basis of early successes, a 1001 Genomes Project for the species has been advocated13 (see URLs for project website).
Then, we have evaluated the patterns of sequence variation, by means of allele frequency spectrum, linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype structure analyses.
The net effect is the lowering of the mean hydrophobicity while increasing its within sequence variation.
The mere fact that genetically monomorphic bacteria harbour little DNA sequence variation does not necessarily mean all strains of a given species behave the same [53].
The most substantial signal in mean occurred within the High population where sequence variation was substantially increased by selection (see High-Ancestral windows of fig. 7).
To the extent that these methods accurately capture biological reality, they provide a powerful means to understand the molecular consequences of sequence variation within and between species.
Molecular genetic maps provide a means to link heritable traits with underlying genome sequence variation.
Given that current proteomics workflows achieve ∼30 to 40% mean sequence coverage at best, a comprehensive analysis of isoform-specific variation remains challenging.
