The bone and skin group has mean scattering coefficients that are 1.947 and 2.134 mm−1, respectively; the liver and brain group has mean scattering coefficients of 1.303 and 1.461 mm−1; the testis and spleen group has mean scattering coefficients between 0.523 and 0.634 mm−1.
The relationships between mean reduced scattering coefficient (〈μs′〉), and % adipose, % collagen, % glands, adipocyte cell area, and adipocyte density were investigated.
The mean value of the 50% isovolume for both parameters was found to have an error less than 5% (Absorption coefficient, inclusion 1: Expected value = 0.35 cm−1, Reconstructed mean value = 0.33 cm−1; Scattering coefficient, inclusion 2: Expected value = 9.0 cm−1, Reconstructed mean value = 8.92 cm−1).
Our theoretical model [ 16] predicted a 20 dB enhancement by FMM at a similar imaging depth of 2 scattering mean free paths (the scattering coefficient of our tissue phantom is around 6 cm−1 [ 19]).
In order to measure the accuracy of this algorithm, we define maximum relative error and mean square error of estimated scattering coefficient as Equations (16) and (17).
The values of mean optical path length and scattering coefficient (µ´s) at 800 nm in the liver area were significantly different from those in the other area (21.3±4.9 cm vs 29.2±5 cm, p=0.0004, and 7.97±1.14cm-1vs 9.02±0.51cm-1, P=0.015).
However, Eq. (7) is used as the relation between the pitch angle scattering coefficient and the parallel mean free path in SEP transport simulations in this article.
The mean prediction error percentages for the reduced scattering coefficient are 9.73%, 2.57% and 0.79% for the PLS, LUT and LS-SVM models, respectively.
Scattering properties of tissue include the scattering coefficient (μ s), which describes the mean free path between scattering events, and the scattering phase function (p, which describes the angular distribution of scattering events.
The pitch angle scattering coefficient is related to the parallel mean free path as2 lambda_{parallel}=frac{3v}{8}int^{+1}_{-1}frac{left 1-mu^{2}right)^{2}=frac{3v}{8}int^{+1}_{-1}frac{left 1-mu^{2}right
