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In the second pair, which had higher mean root length than the first pair, the tolerant NIL had more roots, greater root thickness, and greater root dry weight than the susceptible NIL.
Petrophile filifolia, Isopogon divergens, and Banksia menziesii, seedlings treated with Oaten Hay smoke-water demonstrated significantly greater mean shoot length (mm) (F = 25.51,4, p = 0.007), mean root length (mm) (F = 31.41,4, p = 0.005), and root dry-weight (mg) (F = 12.83,12, p < 0.001) respectively, than untreated seedlings.
where G% - (number of seeds germinated in a sample/number of seeds germinated in the control) × 100; RRG% - (mean root length in a sample/mean root length in the control) × 100; Vigour Index = Germination % × mean root length + mean shoot length.
{text{Relative root growth }}left( {{text{R}}. {text{R}}. {text{G}}} right), % = frac{{{text{Rl}}_{text{T}} times 100}}{{{text{Rl}}_{text{C}} }},where RlT is mean root length in treatment; RlC is mean root length in control.
For all clones and in both years, roots ≥5 mm diameter made negligible contribution to mean root length.
Both mean root length and the longest root length were improved with treatments of CA 3 and 6 mM and MA 9 mM (Table 1).
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In these experiments, mean root hair length was 0.23 mm, while root hair lengths ranged from 0.32 to 0.83 mm in common bean (Miguel et al. 2015), 0.40 1.34 mm in barley (Gahoonia and Nielsen 2004) and 0.62 4.07 mm in maize (Zhu et al. 2005b).
Mean values except for alder Fig. 7 Mean total root length (roots >1 mm in diameter) of trial species in Year 3. Error bars represent one standard error of the mean; bars with different letters were significantly different (P = 0.006).
For example, three-year-old radiata mean total root length > 2mm diameter from this study was 42.5 m (n = 3, range 9 to 62 m).
In most cases, however, there were no significant differences between N application treatments within each root order (Fig. 2d) and there were no significant differences in mean specific root length with N application treatment.
For all seed lots combined, the mean total root length (all root size classes combined) for 1-year-old trees was 10.1 m increasing to 204 m by year 4 (Additional files 8 and 9).
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