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In these, and subsequent figures, the points labelled "H" and "L" represent artificial documents with levels of the language pattern well above and well below the mean rate in the corpus.
For each window position, the Z-value is calculated generating the function LTA defined by Wiemer and Wyss (1994), which measures the significance of the difference between the mean seismicity rate within the window Tw, Rw, and the background rate Rbg that is defined here as the mean rate in time period between t0 and te, except for Tw.
For each window position, the Z-value is calculated, generating the function LTA defined by Wiemer and Wyss (1994), which measures the significance of the difference between the mean seismicity rate R w within the window T w, and the background rate Rbg which is defined here as the mean rate in the time period between t0 and t e, excluding T w.
Consequently, the models assume that the rate of substitution for portions of the phylogeny between the subtypes equals the mean rate in the initial host species population.
The relative excess in sickness absence rate (% increase) was also calculated by dividing the absolute excess by the corresponding mean rate in each period.
Table 7.67 summarizes of the catch rates of squid (Loligo vulgaris) for each of the four surveys, with the mean rate in all day hauls on the shelf, the three highest rates and the rate of occurrence.
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Mean rates in the gamma and theta ranges, 5 and 50 Hz, respectively, are plotted for the control and muscarine cases.
Manhattan plot for Mean Rating in sub-group 1, 2 and 3, based on Anderson-Darling test.
As this may turn out to be unrealistic, so-called rate ratios can be added to allow for different mean rates in the gamma distributions (i.e. to allow for variable mutation rates among the different codon positions).
It involved "outsourcing" some of Satyam's work to centers in villages where there was little turnover and wages that were lower than the meanest rate in Hyderabad.
31 33 The compliance rate (71.3%) found in our study is slightly lower than the mean rate found in other studies.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com