The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and residual prediction deviation (RPD) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the calibration models.
The predicted conditional means of each of the five alternative categories are initially partitioned into a fixed number of quantiles; the deviation of the mean prediction from the mean actual observation for each quantile is then analysed.
A mean prediction error of dB and a standard deviation of dB are provided by the calibrated model.
The mean prediction error coincides with the residual standard deviation - both are 0.2187, close to the prediction error achieved from the full sample.
The goodness-of-fit indicators included prediction of mean, standard deviation, median, and range of values from the original mapping survey, alongside adjusted R and mean absolute error statistics.
> -wrap-foot> for trait abbreviations see Table 1, number of phenotypic observations, number of Angus individuals with a phenotypic record in this data set which have been used for deriving ANGUS, BOSTAURUS and ALL prediction equation, mean, standard deviation.
This compares to a mean model prediction of 0.556, and a mean absolute deviation between the model prediction and observation of 0.096 (i.e., model within 10% of observed for an average species).
Aboveground biomass predictions (mean ± standard deviation across nine permanent plots) for the different thinning levels ranged from 295.3 (±27.9) Mg ha−1 with full-density lidar data to 168.2 (±31.5) Mg ha−1 with the lowest data density of 1 return m−2 (Figure 6).
Aboveground biomass predictions (mean ± standard deviation across nine permanent plots) for the different thinning levels ranged from 295.3 (±27.9) Mg ha−1 with full-density lidar data to 168.2 (±31.5) Mg ha−1 with the lowest data density of 1 return m−2.
Table 2 Comparison of the normalized root mean square deviation of the prediction of semi-empirical models with and without the reconciliation method Model NRMSD without RM NRMSD with RM Improvement Evaporator pinch point 14.3 4.1 10.2 Condenser pinch point 10.1 8.7 1.4 Expander electrical power 5.8 4.4 1.4.
