Sentence examples for mean population outcrossing from inspiring English sources

Estimates of mean population outcrossing rates range from 0.32 to 0.64, based on allozyme markers [74], and up to 0.94±0.27 based on morphological markers [73].

These observations provide evidence for recent global selective sweeps, that outcrossing rates are low (Barrière and Félix 2005; 2007), and that selection against recombinant haplotypes drives effective population outcrossing rates even lower (Barrière and Félix 2007; Rockman and Kruglyak 2009).

The average tolerance estimates for each population to snail damage of plants from within- and between population outcrosses were not correlated (r = −0.035, P = 0.914 N = 19).

That means population will never double again.

Due to the additive inheritance of resistance between-population outcrossing could result in either outbreeding depression in resistance or hybrid vigour, that is, greater resistance of the resulting offspring, depending on the phenotypic means of the populations in question [17], [31].

A reciprocal transplant experiment involving the same plant populations found adaptation to ecological conditions [30] suggesting detrimental effects of between-population outcrossing for offspring fitness.

In the between-population outcrosses, different plants from each population received pollen from different randomly selected populations, which allows assessing general outbreeding effects.

For SC, between-population outcrosses had significantly (P < 0.001) and dramatically greater fitness than within-population outcrosses (339 % heterosis; Fig.  1E).

Using fitness of within-population outcrosses in the denominator, as we do here, is more straightforward.

This was also done to minimize the chance for SI effects in within-population outcrosses.

To circumvent the non-Gaussianity of the load processes for which results for mean outcrossing rate are not generally available, the "sample-specific linearization method" is proposed.