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Mean pollutant concentrations increased from north to south across the studies (Table 3).
We then repeated these analyses for the 2nd, 3rd … 8th month mean pollutant concentrations in the same manner.
We then calculated mean pollutant concentrations, temperature, and relative humidity for each gestational month for all months where at least 75% of the measured values were not missing.
IQR increases in other monthly mean pollutant concentrations were generally associated with smaller decreases in birth weight, with some being essentially null (e.g., –1 g to 2 g).
We then used these daily Beijing-average concentrations to describe the differences in mean pollutant concentrations observed in 2007, 2009, and 2008 during the Olympics for descriptive purposes only (hypothesis 1).
Previous studies have generally been limited to studying whether trimester-specific mean pollutant concentrations were associated with markers of reduced fetal growth (Dadvand et al. 2013; Rich et al. 2009; Woodruff et al. 2009).
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Conditional logistic regression models, including the mean pollutant concentration in the hour of the arrhythmia (lag hour 0) and natural splines [3 degrees of freedom (df)] for the mean temperature, dew point, and barometric pressure in the 24 hr before the arrhythmia, were run separately for each pollutant (PM2.5, black carbon, NO2, CO, SO2 and O3).
Methods: We used a subsampling bootstrap procedure to obtain the maximum likelihood estimates and confidence bounds for common national effects of the criteria pollutants, as measured by the percentage increase in daily mortality associated with a unit increase in daily 24-hr mean pollutant concentration on the previous day, while controlling for weather and temporal trends.
Raw concentrations were then used as the dependent variable in the model building process and each session's mean pollutant concentration at the reference sites was added as a covariate [ 35] to adjust for city-wide temporal variation due to meteorology while explicitly accounting for error in estimating the temporal term.
Mean annual average pollutant concentrations did not differ substantially for subjects included versus excluded from analyses based on this criterion; however, the percentages of children with asthma reporting daily or weekly symptoms or ED visits/hospitalizations were lower in the excluded population (by approximately 2 5% depending on pollutant and outcome).
Table 2 presents the distributions of the monthly mean air pollutant concentrations during the study period.
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