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As a result, the mean phase speed of the waves can be calculated and is found equal to 35 m/s.
The estimated mean phase speed of the MJO anomaly in the OLR and surface wind in the troposphere is found to be 4.7 m/s in the Indian Ocean-western Pacific region which is very similar to that demonstrated in previous studies.
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At low pressure, it corresponds to the Alfvén mode with negative frequency, ω = −k∥υ A. Physically, it means that the azimuthal phase speed of this wave is directed opposite to the diamagnetic drift velocity of ions.
The effect of forward mean flow on the acoustic phase speed in presence of wall undulations is compared to that of backward mean flow.
We find that, when the phase speed equals the mean flow speed, the system has only one stable state.
The study sheds light on the combined effect of mean flow and geometric periodicity on sound phase speed.
When the phase speed does not equal the mean flow speed, however, the system supports multiple limit cycles because the phase of the FDF changes significantly with oscillation amplitude.
Comparison is made between numerically predicted and measured values of modal axial attenuation rate, phase speed and transverse pressure profile both with and without mean airflow.
An analytical asymptotic solution for evaluating phase speed of acoustic waves transmitting through two-dimensional duct carrying mean flow and having periodically undulated walls is obtained.
Although the phase speed of these perturbations is often assumed to equal the mean flow speed, experiments conducted in other studies and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) conducted in this study show that it varies with the acoustic frequency.
A reasonably good agreement with the MHD linear-mode can be found only for the coherent waves with small phase speeds (below the Alfvén speed) propagating in quasi-perpendicular directions to the mean magnetic field.
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