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Combining the auto-built model phases with density-modified phases resulted in a sudden increase in the mean phase error to ~70°.
A single run of traditional density modification procedure, including solvent flattening, histogram matching, and two-fold NCS averaging resulted in the phases with a figure-of-merit (FOM) weighted mean phase error of ~63° (Fig. 2B: Cycle 1).
The mean phase error in the final cycle dropped to ~45° (Fig. 2B: Cycle 4), with a correlation coefficient of 0.77 (Fig. S1), which is sufficient for automatic model building and structure refinement.
The FOM-weighted mean phase error relative to the final refined model was 23.4°.
Mean phase error, on the other hand, is an indicator of overall temporal accuracy.
All measurements except those for mean phase error have positive values.
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(B) Plot of figure-of-merit-weighted (FOM) mean phase errors (wMPE) calculated relative to the subsequently refined structure for the various steps of phase improvement.
In Table 4, the mean relative error of the impedance amplitudes is 0.23%, while the mean phase absolute error is 0.20°.
To evaluate the accuracy of the designed system, the normalized root-mean-squared group-delay error, the maximum group-delay error, the normalized root-mean-squared phase error, and the maximum phase error are defined by (29).
To this end, several studies have attempted to overcome channel effects by means of carrier phase error correction [17 20].
Table 1 Mean square error between true phase error and estimated error PGA Eigenvector Weighted eigenvector Unevenly SA 0.2431 0.0437 0.0437 Block SA 0.1928 0.1928 0.1928.
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