The mean phase of stimulation (based on offline-filtered theta with no phase delay) was 96 ± 54° for peak-triggered stimulation and −131 ± 63° for trough-triggered stimulation.
This means that for these conditions, there are no phase delay solutions.
By means of phase locking techniques, any round-trip phase delay change gives a measurement of a change in the SC distance (measured as light transit time), due to incoming GWs.
Given that the period is approximately 287.5 minutes (see Fig. S1 in Additional file 1), the phase delay ϕ can be transformed into time delay τ by means of the relation τ = ϕ 287.5 360.
The estimated phase delay from 1214 is 15° in 1215 and 17° in 1216, respectively, which means the soil moisture increased by about 0.33 cm3cm−3 after the rain.
To specify, this means that a phase advance shifts the activity onset to an earlier position in the circadian cycle, whereas a phase delay shifts it to a later time.
This characteristic can decrease the phase delay.
By means of simulation studies with the software VibTrain, soft soil resonance behaviour may be characterized using a few key parameters originating from track stiffness measurements, such as the minimum phase delay and corresponding frequency of the receptance transfer function.
Thus, the cavity OPL variation creates a phase delay without creating an offsetting group delay.
This would mean phasing out intensive farming practices.
