The root mean square scores between the repeated waveforms of pennation angle and fascicle length were small (∼2° and ∼3.5 mm, respectively).
Mean fiber length, sarcomere length, physiological cross-section area and pennation angle were measured.
Compared with the direct measurements, the US method showed a mean typical error of 0.09 0.14 cm for muscle thickness, 1.01 1.31° for the pennation angle, 0.92 1.71 cm for fascicle length and muscle tendon length measurements.
Pennation angle and fascicle length of the m.
PCSA depends on muscle volume, pennation angle, and fiber length.
The model represents the tendon length, the muscle-fiber length, and the pennation angle.
Moreover, the root mean square differences between the repeated waveforms of both variables were very small, compared with their ranges (fascicle length: RMS = ∼3 mm, range: 38 63 mm; pennation angle: RMS = ∼1.5°, range: 22 32°).
In different studies, capability of DTI in evaluating muscle cross-sectional area, fibre length and pennation angle has been demonstrated.
Muscle fibre tracking with DTI has been used successfully to assess muscle damage [48] and to measure pennation angle [49].
Vastus lateralis pennation angle, fascicle length and muscle thickness were recorded using ultrasound device.
