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Values represent mean ozone concentration each hour of the day averaged from 25 June to 19 September in 2014.
The risk of hospital admissions increased 22% with a 1-ppb increase in mean ozone concentration during the ozone season.
We used mean ozone concentration during the entire follow-up period to create the interaction terms with all dichotomous confounders.
We estimated fewer avoided deaths in 2006 (640 cardiopulmonary mortalities at the current standard), the year with the smallest mean ozone concentration, compared with 2005 and 2007 (800 and 700 avoided cardiopulmonary-related mortalities at the current standard).
§The 8-hour rolling mean ozone concentration assigned to hour h is the average of hourly concentrations at h-7, h-6, h-5, h-4, h-3, h-2, h-1, and h.
To estimate the potential dose response effect, we categorized children as having low, medium, or high ozone exposure based on the tertile ranking of their mean ozone concentration during the follow-up period in New York City and the rest of New York State separately to adjust for geographic differences.
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Annual mean ozone concentrations in Europe have been reported to be fairly constant since measurements have begun in 1997[45].
The contribution from the source region outside the main air pollution zones in the Central Eastern China (super regional contribution) was also important, accounting for more than 30 ppb of daytime maximum mean ozone concentrations.
Concentrations of ozone were continuously monitored at three points in each greenhouse at 10-min intervals using a UV absorption ozone analyzer (Model 1210-6, Dylec Inc .. Daily mean ozone concentrations for 7 h (10 00 17:00 Japanese Standard Time) were 36 (AA) and 71 (O3) ppb (Additional file 4).
For each urban area, ozone data from urban background air quality monitoring stations were obtained from the AURN Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairss, London, UK) and were used to construct daily maximum 8-hr running mean ozone concentrations for 1993 2006.
In the acute study, the mean ozone concentrations achieved for the 0.5 ppm and 1.0 ppm chambers were 0.51 ppm and 1.00 ppm, respectively, and the mean DEP concentration was 1.89 mg/m.
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