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The 24-hr PM2.5 values over the study period were generally below the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 35 μg/m (U.S. EPA 2006), and the mean over the study period was less than the annual average NAAQS of 15 μg/m (Table 3).
The 24-hr PM2.5 values over the study period were generally below the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 35 μg/m, and the mean over the study period was below the annual average NAAQS of 15 μg/m [see Supplemental Material, Table 3 (doi:10.1289/ehp.1002543)].
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Table 3 provides more detailed descriptive statistics of the three ESG scores' mean values over the study period.
Excluding the direct cost of the intervention itself, mean costs over the study period (1-8 months) were £558 in the START group and £625 in the usual treatment group.
Trends in mean age over the study period were examined using linear regression models.
Standardized growth was highly variable, with clear peaks in mean growth over the study period.
The mean TTR over the study period for the fraction of INR's in range for MVR and non-MVR patients was 0.42 (95%% confidence interval (CI), 0.31; 0.53) and 0.67 (95 % CI, 0.53; 0.78) respectively.
All studies used HbA1c as a primary outcome measure, and nine reported a significant improvement in mean HbA1c over the study period; only two studies reported the HbA1c assay method.
After multiple adjustment for confounders, the decline in mean HbA1c over the study period remained significant in the whole cohort, with an estimated average absolute annual decrease of 0.038% (95% CI 0.032 0.043%, P < 0.001) (Fig. 1 A and Supplementary Table 1).
2) total volume of PA expressed as mean cpm over the study period (TPA), 3) time spent in prolonged periods of SED (bouts of ≥20 consecutive minutes below SED threshold, with no allowance for interruption above threshold) (SED bouts), 4) fulfilment of Swedish national PA recommendations (see below).
The most widely used kriging approach, OK, assumes the constant mean over each local neighboring area, whereas SK assumes a constant mean over the entire study area, a characteristic that often limits the wide application.
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