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The response of a trait's mean to selection (R) is the product of its heritability (h) and the selection differential (S) acting upon it (R = h S). S is the difference between the mean of reproducing individuals and that of the total population prior to selection.
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Swarming, which often occurs in spring, is a hive's natural means of reproducing.
Engraving had rapidly become the preferred means of reproducing all sorts of writing, and cancelleresca was evolving.
More gay men are opting to use surrogacy as a means of reproducing, having had bad experiences of the fostering and adoption process.
It was only after mechanical means of reproducing writing were invented that information records could be duplicated more efficiently and economically.
After cell reproduction evolved into multicellular growth, the multicellular organism evolved a means of reproducing itself that is best described as life-cycle reproduction.
Phonographs and records were the chief means of reproducing recorded sound at home until the 1980s, when they were largely supplanted by recorded cassettes and compact discs.
Proteins have no nucleic acids and so no means of reproducing or replicating -- yet Prusiner was proposing that they could spread like an infection, taking over healthy proteins and making them lethal to the parent organism.
Facilitated means of communication and ease of reproducing work means that students can move large quantities of information with stealth and the lines between helping, collaborating and cheating become even more difficult to define.
The results of the comparison of observations and model results suggest that the model is capable of reproducing mean changes of pore pressure at a suitable scale for physically-based modelling of shallow landslide susceptibility.
"The cost of reproducing photography meant that most magazines, catalogues and ad campaigns were illustrated".
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com