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Conversely, we find that CEOs with high vegas from option inventories tend to have steeper performance pricing schedules: after controlling for heterogeneity in borrowers' characteristics and loan characteristics, a one standard deviation increase from the mean of log (1+vega) corresponds to a 17% increase in the performance pricing schedule's slope.
Lognormality is a welcomed property to use standard regression techniques to study the mean of log(PD) over different covariates.
28In particular, we use the geometric mean of earnings in the occupation (i.e., the mean of log earnings) using 37 occupational groups.
In order to compute relative wages, I will follow the standard approach and use the mean of log wages (Katz and Murphy 1992; Borjas et al. 2012).
One-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests were employed to compare mean of log transformed faecal coliform levels and helminth eggs concentrations found from lettuce and irrigation water by farming sites.
Following Card et al. (2013) on their wage imputation for German social security data, I exploit the panel dimension in the mcvl by including the worker's mean of log daily wages over his career (excluding the current wage) and the fractions of top or bottom censored wage observations over his career (again excluding the current censoring status).
Similar(18)
The six hydrological signatures fell into two categories: (1) long-term aggregated signatures – annual runoff coefficient, mean of log-transformed daily runoff, and zero flow ratio, and (2) signatures obtained from daily flow metrics – concavity index, seasonality ratio of runoff, and standard deviation of log-transformed daily flow.
We denote the mean of log-likelihood for a single forecast with MLL (= LL/n).
Location parameter, mean, of log-normal distribution for the time duration in ith state and related to state i to state j transition.
Ns: the number of all forecast sequences, Nq: the number of all sequences filled with qualifying event, E(Nq): sum of all probabilities (expectation of Nq), MLL: mean of log-likelihood, and BS: Brier score.
Data density of a single cluster was calculated as the mean of log-odds of the cluster sequences.
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