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Data from the cell lines and tissue arrays were compared with the mean normal tissue arrays.
Thus, the data of the histologically normal tissue samples were pooled to generate a mean normal tissue array.
An SLN was defined as a lymph node with a mean in vivo count >3 square roots of the mean normal tissue background count (i.e. three standard deviations) added to the mean normal tissue background count ('3 σ rule') asserting 99.7 % certainty of the SLN signal.
As shown in Table 2, the mean tumour tissue versus mean normal tissue Histoscore for MUC1 was 193 vs. 48, while for S100P, KOC and mesothelin, the mean tumour tissue versus mean normal tissue Histoscores were 165 vs. 0.3, 150 vs. 0.5 and 115 vs. 4 respectively.
For each of the colorectal and lung cancer datasets, we compared the difference between mean tumour expression values and mean normal tissue expression values using a two-sample paired t-test.
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The overall spectral intensities varied by 30% about the mean for normal tissue, and by 20% for dysplasia tissue.
High variation in tumor samples allows good dynamic range in distinguishing the different tumor specimens from one another, while the low variation in the normal samples means that normal tissue contamination tends to lead to similar effects across samples.
Breast cancer stage was more advanced in those who participated by means of normal tissue samples; 58% of tissue samples were from cases with stage 2 or more advanced stages, whereas the corresponding number was 38% in cases who donated blood (P < 0.0001).
For those participating by means of a blood sample or by means of a normal tissue sample, the mean time between breast cancer diagnosis and enrolment in the present study was 5.1 years (range 6.8 3.5 years) and 5.9 years (range 7.5 4.6 years), respectively.
Cases with a CDCA3 IHC score exceeding 94.7 (maximum score within + 3 standard deviation (SD) of the mean of normal tissues) were defined as CDCA3-positive because 100% of the distribution falls within ± 3 SD of the mean in normal tissues.
Results are given in Table 3, they express the n-fold ratio of the gene expression in a sample compared to the mean of normal tissues.
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