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Mean mutation rates obtained with the five demographic models under the relaxed molecular clock ranged from 1.39 to 4.89×10−4 substitutions/site/year.
Mean mutation rates.
We extracted Ne from θ using mean mutation rates published in other fish species.
The inferred mean mutation rates of serotype Enteritidis are comparable to those of short-term evolution in several other pathogens (24 – 24 ).
The mean mutation rates per locus per gamete in the six minisatellite loci were 1.5% for 65 exposed gametes for which mean parental gonadal dose was 1.9 Sv and 2.0% for 183 unexposed gametes.
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All the amplified sequences were extensively mutated (mean mutation rate, 7.4%): 88% contained more than 10 mutations per sequence.
The microsatellite loci were assumed to follow a stepwise mutation model, with mean mutation rate drawn from a uniform prior with minimum and maximum values set at 10−3 and 10−5, respectively, with individual locus mutation rate drawn from a gamma distribution (mean = mean mutation rate and shape = 2).
Our mean mutation rate was based on 61 loci from three species of fish; if the true mutation rate for the loci in this study was much smaller (i.e., 1*10−5), we would have obtained similar point estimates from MIGRATE and ONeSAMP.
We then calculated the mean mutation rate for each EMS concentration.
Then we calculated the mean mutation rate for each EMS concentration.
In the human nuclear genome, the substantial majority of numts are neutrally evolving "mtDNA fossils", in which the mean mutation rate is approximately ten times lower than the mean mutation rate in the mitochondrial genome [16].
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