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The overall mean mutant frequency of hypothalamus was also slightly but significantly higher than the mean mutant frequency of hippocampus (p = 0.0267).
Combined across age, a significant difference was observed when the mean mutant frequency of hippocampus or hypothalamus were compared to the mean mutant frequency of cortex (p = 0.0305; p<0.00001), remainder (p = 0.0148; p<0.0001) or when the mutant frequency of hypothalamus was compared to total brain (p<0.0001) (Table S1).
Similarly, at 7 months of age, the hypothalamus showed a mean mutant frequency of 8.1×10−5 increasing to 14.6×10−5 in 30-month old animals (p = 0.0032).
Because of this outlier, which had 86 % clonality, our control group had a mean mutant frequency that was higher than expected based on previous studies [ 2].
This result is unsurprising since random departures from the mean mutant frequency will be approximately normal only when the population size is large and selection is strong enough to prevent stochastic loss.
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The mean mutant frequencies in the mucosal layer of duodenum (25.6×10−5) and jejunum (25.7×10−5) were significantly higher than those observed in the serosal layer of duodenum (15.1×10−5; p = 0.0047) or jejunum (13.1×10−5; p = 0.0003).
During the follow-up, the mean mutant frequencies and genetic distances in the E1/E2 region at T0 and T1 increased significantly in group A (p = 0.04, Wilcoxon's test), but were non-significantly different in group B (p≥0.28, Wilcoxon's test) and group C (p = 0.6, Wilcoxon's test) patients.
Mean mutant frequencies (variant frequencies) for normal young adults are approximately: Hb (4 x 10 -8)) < hprt (5 x 10 -6)) = GPA (10 x 10 -6)) < HLA (30 x 10 -6)).
The mean lacZ mutant frequency (MF) for the solvent control was approximately twofold greater than the spontaneous MF observed in liver tissue.
The LacZ transgene mutagenicity assay in FE1 cells showed a mean spontaneous mutant frequency (±standard error) of 34.3 ± 3.8 and 22.8 ± 0.7 × 10−5, without and with exogenous S9 activation, respectively.
The mean cumulative mutant frequencies obtained for the brain and small intestine were log transformed.
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