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GATA binding protein 2. GATA binding protein 3. Mean methylation fraction.
Statistically significant differences in mean methylation fraction at 5/36 CpG units (after FDR), some at or immediately adjacent to TFBSs, suggest possible relevance for the current findings to BD etiopathogenesis.
Figure 3 presents the correlation between transcript abundance and the four DNA methylation scores proposed in this study (sum of methylation fractions by site (SMFS), mean methylation fraction by site (MMFS), mean methylation fraction by region (MMFR) and sum of scaled methylation reads by region (SMRR)) for all replicate combinations.
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Table 1 Mean methylation fractions for BDNF CpG units in bipolar disorder versus controls Amplicon CpG unit BP MMF (SD) Controls MMF SDD) Z Asymp.
We examined DNA methylation for each CpG promoter region using the average of all CpG units mean methylation fractions (MMFs) in a BDNF region that we studied, in this case, the amplicons that were assayed.
Since 15 of 36 CpG units had significant differences in homogeneity of variances, the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test was used for differences in mean methylation fractions (in both Table 1 and Additional file 2: Table S2).
Methylation measures were performed in triplicate expressed as a methylation fraction (range 0 to 1) for each CpG.
MMF, mean methylation; d, effect size; Z, Mann Whitney U test statistic.
Effect sizes were medium to large (0.61 to 0.91) at CpG units significant after FDR, while absolute differences in methylation fraction were small (0.002 to 0.022).
The mean methylation level of regenerants showed a 0.28% to 3.95% decrease in seedlings subcultured in vitro for nine generations.
The remaining tissues demonstrated partial mean methylation levels; more specifically, saliva − 0.43, vaginal fluid − 0.22 and menstrual blood − 0.22.
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