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A maximum mean lignin yield of 78.63 wt% and signal-to-noise ratio of 37.90 was found at a 90 min runtime, a process temperature of 160 °C, a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.1 M, and a feedstock composition of 10% switchgrass and 90% tulip poplar.
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Taguchi Robust Product Design (TRPD) was applied to maximize lignin yield from the fractionation process.
Process temperature was the most significant factor that influenced lignin yield.
Maximal lignin yield (91%) was found when using 92% EtOH, 0.64 N H2SO4, and 148 °C.
Previous reports suggested that the lignin yield was dependent on the solvent used (Zhang et al. 2010).
This study may provide a pathway for industrialists and researchers interested in maximizing lignin yield in the organosolv fractionation process.
Adding acid resulted in the maximal soluble lignin yield of 5.6% at logR0 = 4.7.
Under similar conditions, MW irradiation led to higher lignin yields, lignins of lower sugar content, and lignins of smaller molecular weights.
Following brief pyrolytic exposures at 500 and 600 °C, the refined hardwood and softwood lignins yielded coal-like products.
"Yield-Plus" didn't mean more yield, it meant "more risk".
The influence of ethanol extraction factors, including ethanol concentration (x1), temperature (x2), and time (x3), on lignin fractionation yield was carried out by means of a 4 orthogonal design with 0.5% (w/w) NaOH addition (Table 5).
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