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Using the mean lead concentration of 2.05 μg/L from the Green Decorative mug, the daily dose of lead for the average tea drinker would be 0.728 μg, which exceeds the current MADL.
Using the mean lead concentration of 2.05 μg/L from the Green Decorative mug, the daily dose of lead for the average coffee drinker would be 1.60 μg, which exceeds the current MADL by over three fold.
Using the mean lead concentration of 0.2 μg/L from all cups except the Green Decorative mug, and the average daily coffee intake among coffee drinkers of 0.78 L, the daily dose of lead from coffee consumption would be 0.156 μg.
Using the mean lead concentration of 0.2 μg/L from all cups except the Green Decorative mug and the average daily tea intake among tea drinkers of 0.36 L, the daily dose of lead from tea consumption would be 0.071 μg, which is below both the current Proposition 65 NSRL of 15 μg/day and the MADL of 0.5 μg/day.
Estimates of the arithmetic mean lead concentration are not particularly precise unless the sample size is large.
In particular, whether or not recipes included acidic ingredients (wine or cider) did not affect mean lead concentration.
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Mean lead concentrations across all beverage scenarios were 0.18 μg/L in the Black Logo1 mug, 0.2 μg/L in the Black Logo2 mug, 2.05 μg/L in the Green Decorative mug, 0.23 μg/L in the Yellow Decorative mug, 0.21 μg/L in the Red Decorative mug, and 0.2 μg/L in the glass cup (Table 2).
There were negligible differences in mean lead concentrations among manganese quintiles (data not shown).
Mean lead concentrations were compared by place of residence, social class and education, and by the subjects' age, sex, alcohol intake, smoking habits, iron status, and HFE genotype.
The erythrocyte lead concentrations, extrapolated to whole blood with an average hemoglobin concentration of 140 g/L, imply mean lead concentrations in whole blood of 0.265 μmol/L (SD 0.165) for men, and 0.213 μmol/L (SD 0.125) for women.
In 2004, mean blood mercury concentrations were significantly higher in women than in men, whereas mean lead concentrations were higher in men and cadmium concentrations did not vary significantly according to gender.
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