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The mean kappa value over all subjects of the dataset is denoted by κ ̄.
The mean kappa value for the intra-observer agreement of C-type fractures is both moderate for all observers (κ = 0.43) and the group of trauma surgeons (κ = 0.45).
The mean kappa value for inter-observer agreement of the main types (A, B and C) and that of its groups (A2-3, B1-3 and C1-3) were both found to be moderate but with a good kappa value for the intra-observer observer agreement.
The mean kappa value was 0.66 (substantial).
The mean kappa value for all tests was 0.70 (Method A) and 0.59 (Method B).
The inter-rater agreement for content quality was fair (mean kappa value 0.232 ± 0.036, p < 0.001) while only slight agreement was observed for the grades of the formal quality (mean kappa value 0.105 ± 0.024, p < 0.001).
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To evaluate which of these two types of ground truth calculation is to be preferred, Table 6 shows mean kappa values with none (Cohen's), linear, and quadratic weighting over all raters and per dimension.
The mean agreement and mean kappa values for the two raters were calculated.
At the second round, when information on the patients' age was added, mean kappa-values for inter-observer agreement on classification and treatment increased slightly.
We also found the highest level of inter-observer agreement in decisions to treat operatively, mean kappa-values 0.59 (95% CI 0.52-0.66) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.48-0.63), but we did not find kappa-values exceeding moderate agreement.
At both rounds mean kappa-values for inter-observer agreement on treatment recommendations were significantly higher than the agreement on Neer classification (differences 0.15 and 0.16; p < 0.001 at both rounds).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com