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The chemical expansion model based on the relative change in mean ionic radius was employed to compute the chemical expansion vs. δ, which indicated that the spin states of B-site transition metal ions are a mixture of high-spin and low-spin states, and made the transition from the low-spin to the high-spin state with an increase in δ and temperature.
While these ions have the same charge (+2), the small difference in the effective mean ionic radius of iron (78 pm) and zinc (74 pm) [ 49] may cause cross-linking of the polymer with Fe+2 more effectively than Zn+2.
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However, changes in the crystal structure of perovskite-type oxides have been observed due to compositional variations, such as substituting the mean A-site ionic radius or the B-site [59].
In addition, the modulation is sensitive to whether the average M ionic radius is increased by Fe2+ or Mn2+ (radius 0.82 Å).
So far, this light substitution (La3+ has an ionic radius of 1.22 Å, compared to 1.24 Å of Bi3+ for 9-fold coordination) has meant the films are easier to grow owing to the lower structural distortion.
Its ionic radius is near the radii of dysprosium and holmium, making separation from those elements difficult.
The ionic radius is the largest of the rare-earth R3+ ions, and, as a consequence, the white oxide La2O3 is the most alkaline rare-earth oxide.
Anhydrite (CaSO4) exhibits a structure very different from that of barite since the ionic radius of Ca2+ is considerably smaller than Ba2+.
Preferential sorption depends on effective ionic radius.
However, the isomorphic substitution of Si4+ (ionic radius of 0.40 Å) with Cr3+ (ionic radius of 0.62 Å) is difficult.
The ionic radius of Sr2+ is close to that of La3+ for which it presumably substitutes.
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