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M1 was defined as the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) between the mean insertion force of the commercial electrode and the mean insertion force of the dummy electrode.
Due to the similarity of the results, the mean insertion force over the five trials was considered a suitable approximation for characterization of one electrode.
For each prototype, the mean insertion force over insertion depth was computed by averaging the recorded data of five consecutive trials.
Figure 6 gives the mean insertion force curves of three similar FLEX electrodes (denoted as FLEX28-1, FLEX28-2, and FLEX28-3).
To enable a quantitative comparison between the insertion force curves of the commercially available and the dummy electrodes, the following metrics were considered and computed: M1 was defined as the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) between the mean insertion force of the commercial electrode and the mean insertion force of the dummy electrode.
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Physical measurements showed that mean insertion forces remained below 10 mN during insertion.
The third metric was based on the assumption that the mean insertion forces of a dummy electrode should be higher than the minimum and lower than the maximum insertion forces of its commercially available counterpart.
Plus means insertion, minus means deletion.
If the mean force of the dummy electrode was between the minimum and maximum insertion force of the commercially available electrode's mean force, the error value was equal to zero.
Peak anal insertion force = 1.8 kg.
A needle insertion force model is developed to predict the insertion force for lancet needle.
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