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The mean illness duration was 38.2 ± 38.1 months.
Thus, significant differences at an alpha level of 0.05 were found between the samples for all of the demographics and illness characteristics in Table 1, except for mean illness duration and mean number of psychotropic medications.
Some studies seeking to identify clinical stages in bipolar disorder by determining combinations of predictive factors have found that there was no difference in mean illness duration between groups identified with 'good' versus 'poor' outcomes (Reinares et al. 2013).
However, as noted above, no significant difference was found between Argentina and the United States in terms of the mean illness duration (17.8 ± 11.8 vs. 17.6 ± 8.4 years, p = 0.83) or the mean number of psychotropic medications (2.5 ± 1.0 vs. 2.6 ± 1.7, p = 0.57).
Mean illness duration was 30 (±18) months, and mean body mass index was 28.3 (±5).
Mean (standard deviation) illness onset was 19.8 3.4) years and mean illness duration was 4.0 3.5) years.
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Adding pre-enrollment illness hours to duration monitored (mean = 193.8, SD = 86.9) yields our estimate of mean total illness duration 226.9 hours (SD = 87.5), or 9.45 days.
Comparing geometric means of illness duration, these were: cavitary disease - 7.5 weeks, compared with 5.7 weeks in non-cavitary disease, p = 0.038; 3+ smear grade - 8.0 weeks, compared with 5.8 weeks in those <3+, p = 0.020; Indonesians - 10.3 weeks, compared with 6.1 weeks in Malaysians, p = 0.123.
This suggests that the mean difference in illness duration between those who take probiotics and those who do not is between half and 1 d.
Our participants were out-patients with a mean age of 37.5, illness duration above 10 years, treatment duration with the GSD method was 26 weeks and 47% of the participants were men.
Illness duration or mean time since diagnosis ranged between 2 months and 9.5 years and was 3.7 years on average.
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