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If the impact is great, a missing data strategy will be put in place using mean horizontal imputation and last value carried forward.
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Third, texture, by which I mean horizontal richness: layer on layer of history.
The mean horizontal velocity is 210 ms−1.
Missing AQoL item data were imputed using horizontal mean imputation, restricted to <30% of items.
Keep in mind this means horizontal as well as vertical!
Thus, whereas missing parts of feature vectors are replaced by the corresponding components of the HMM model mean in classical imputation, modified imputation finds the maximum a posteriori estimate (53).
Mean based imputation considerably underestimates the population variance and tends to weaken the attribute relationships.
Various missing value imputation techniques have been employed by researchers, such as case-wise deletion, mean value imputation, maximum likelihood, machine learning algorithms including decision tree and MLP.
"mean value" imputation, "random normal" imputation, "uniform" imputation, "bootstrap" imputation.
In this study we considered four simple imputation methods applied per feature and per class: "mean value" imputation, "random normal" imputation, "uniform" imputation, "bootstrap" imputation.
In the present study, mean imputation accuracy per individual was higher compared to mean imputation accuracy per SNP, which was also reported by Mulder et al.[ 34].
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