The women were slightly younger with a mean age of 40.6 years and corresponding mean heart ages of 42.4 and 53.1 years assuming non-smoker and smoker, respectively.
During the submaximal exercise test, mean heart rate was 95 ± 15 bpm while peak heart rate was 122 ± 23 bpm, which is equivalent to 54 ± 22% and 78 ± 16% of their age-predicted heart rate maximums, respectively.
Peak heart rate and mean heart rate showed similar relationships.
There were statistically significant mean increases in the SDNN index of 11.30 msec and 3.98 msec for every 1 micro g/m(3) increase in the lead and vanadium concentrations, respectively, after adjusting for mean heart rate, age, and smoking status.
In a study of 39 boiler-makers exposed to PM2.5 occupationally, Magari et al. (2002) reported significant associations of PM-associated vanadium and lead with increases in the SDNN index after adjusting for mean heart rate, age, and smoking status, suggesting that specific particulate metals may affect cardiac autonomic activity.
A total of 102 healthy neonates with normal biventricular cardiac morphology (including PDA or patent foramen ovale) were included - further patient details: 43 female, 59 male, median weight 3.32 kg, median length 51 cm, median age 49.24 hours, mean heart rate 133 ± 22/minute.
Basic demographic data including the number of subjects, mean age (years), mean BMI (kg/m), mean heart rate (bpm) and mean basic systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) are shown in Table 1.
Tachycardia, defined as a mean heart rate >2 SD above normal for age; or for children <1 yr old, bradycardia, defined as a mean heart rate <10th percentile for age.
Exercise intensity was calculated by dividing the mean heart rate during exercise by the maximal predicted heart rate (208 0.7 age) (Tanaka et al. 2001).
