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Once the JND for a region with mean grayscale value of 128, t128, is calculated using (6), the JND for regions with other mean grayscale values are approximated as follows [16]: JND ( i, j ) = t 128 ∑ n 1 = 0 N - 1 ∑ n 2 = 0 N - 1 I n 1, n 2 N 2 ( 128 ) α T = t 128 Mean ( I n 1, n 2 ) 128 α T (14).
After defining the seed regions, the mean grayscale values of T1 and T2 images of the seed region were calculated.
The differences between the mean grayscale values of the soleus muscles were calculated for each time point.
EI of each muscle was determined using the mean grayscale values from 0 256, expressed in ROI values (0: black; 256: white).
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We set the threshold as t, the ratio of the number of pixels in the ROI to the entire image area is denoted asω0 t), and the mean grayscale value of the target region is μ0 t).
Firstly, the contrast sensitivity threshold t128 is generated for a region with a mean grayscale value of 128 as follows: t 128 = TM g L max - L min (6).
After subtraction of the background fluorescence (subtraction of gray values of non-expressing pixels from every pixel) in the respective channel mean grayscale value was calculated and averaged.
As an assessment tool, the mean grayscale value (MGV) of the upper reticular dermis was derived from OCT images at all time points.
The mean grayscale value of a standard region of interest within the trabecular bone of the proximal tibia was measured and the average of two corresponding background regions in the soft tissue proximate to tibia was subtracted.
Average grayscale value of the entire image can be expressed as: mu ={omega}_0 t){mu}_0(t)+{omega}_1(t){mu}_1(t) (7).
EI is influenced by the ultrasound device settings, meaning that the grayscale values cannot be generalized by simple value averaging.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com