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Conditional on this genotype, the phenotype is then generated from a Gaussian distribution with unit variance, and mean given by the appropriate sex-specific effect, β M or β F, according to an additive model.
This study shows that ordinary least-squares (OLS) estimator, as a functional of the MDP posterior distribution, has posterior mean given by weighted least-squares (WLS), and has posterior covariance matrix given by the (weighted) heteroscedastic-consistent sandwich estimator.
For this purpose, we model the fraction of the probes that are correctly identified by a binomial distribution with a mean given by the measured identification rate.
They investigated how daily departures of neutral atmosphere and ionospheric parameters from the climatological mean given by MSIS and IRI models may affect their electric field estimates.
We have found that the error beta binomial distribution's mean (given by α/ provides a good alternative threshold that consistently improves specificity without undue loss of sensitivity (or vice versa, when the positive class is larger)a.
For instance, if we desire to conserve the inequalities (L_{lambda}< P_{lambda}< A_{lambda}), by analogy with (L< P< A), then the P-weighted mean given by (10.1) is more convenient, since that given by (10.2) does not satisfy the previous double inequality (we omit its verification here).
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The name of this seal's owner, Natanyahu, means given by God.
Under simple random sampling scheme, the usual choices for the estimation of R are (i) a (single) ratio of sample means given by R̂1=ȳ/x̄ or (ii) the mean of (n) ratios, viz.
Tiridates I's name meant "given by Tir", Tir was an Armeno-Parthian god of literature, science and art based on the Avestan Tishtrya and fused with the Greek Apollo.
Because the channel coefficients undergo Rayleigh fading, the channel gain, g m, is a random variable distributed following an exponential distribution with unit-mean, given by F g m ( y ) = 1 - e - y (15).
The 'biological noise' in the peak profiles is modelled by sampling means, variances and mixing parameters from Gaussian distributions with means given by the true base values.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com