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Where trait information was lacking at the species level, genus level averages were used (mean for continuous traits and mode for categorical traits)16.
Missing data for these variables were imputed using unconditional imputation: imputation of the mean for continuous variables or the mode for categorical variables [20].
To take account of the cluster-randomized design, analysis was based on the (unweighted) mean (for continuous variables) or proportion (for binary variables) for each cluster [21].
We used the mode for categorical variables and mean for continuous variables to impute missing values.
Descriptive statistics included means (± standard deviation of mean) for continuous variables or percentages for categorical variables.
b data was presented as the mean value ± standard error of the mean for continuous variables.
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Open and distance learning provides a very effective means for continuous education and training purposes.
Paired t-tests were used to measure equality of means for continuous variables.
Mann-Whitney U test and Unpaired Student t-test were used to assess differences between treatment arms in the means for continuous variables.
T-test was used to compare means for continuous variables.
Means for continuous values were analysed using analysis of variance.
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