In the simulation of the mean flow field, the qualitative features of the literature data were well reproduced.
CFD was able to predict the mean flow and the turbulence features, so that their respective role on mixing could be compared.
Similarities and differences between the dominant mean-flow vortical features, vorticity and circulation associated with three basic nozzle arrangements (tandem, side-by-side and oblique arrangements) are examined, and the comparison with the single jet case is also carried out.
It is shown that differences in important flow features, such as the mean recirculation length, drag and pressure distributions are related to the strong Re−effects for Re<1000.
The mean velocity and the Reynolds stresses were obtained from averaging the instantaneous velocity, and the mean flow showed a complex pattern with different features such as recirculation bubbles, vortices, detachment and reattachment zones.
Results clearly demonstrates that a good predictions of the entrainment rate, even over a wide range of operating conditions, do not necessarily mean a good prediction of the local flow features.
Employing two survey procedures that provide flexibility in terms of the resolution and extent of measurements, quantities ranging from bulk flow features, such as discharge, to mean three-dimensional velocity profiles can be obtained.
The distinguishing features of this theory are the inclusion of the mean flow velocity in the sense of cross-sectional average and the introduction of slip flow velocity at the perforate wall.
When this number is sufficiently low (St⩽1), the response consists in a convective wave featuring a phase velocity close to that of the mean flow.
Hence, the 3D flow features around the nominally 2D cylinder are investigated by means of both proper orthogonal decomposition and coherence function of the side-surface fluctuating pressure field.
