Sentence examples for mean fitness function from inspiring English sources

Together, these findings indicate that neither trait may reach the ultimate evolutionary outcome characterized by optimizing the mean fitness function.

We subjected the DIs of each stocking group produced by the hatchery to a mean fitness function from the 2006 and 2007 SB trials (obtained by averaging the parameter estimates) to assess the relative performance of the different stocking groups under those selective conditions.

Owing to the multiplicative nature of the group-mean fitness function (a pres [ 13]), many combinations of competition and policing have equal fitnesses.

We also find that, owing to the multiplicative nature of the group-mean fitness function, the mean level of competition has a strong influence on the equilibrium level of policing and vice versa (Figs. 4c,d).

The first term on the right hand side reflects the force of local directional selection, where the selection gradient for frequency-independent selection is the rate of change of the mean Malthusian fitness function (i.e., per-capita growth rate: ) with respect to the trait, a (Lande 1976; Falconer 1989).

Noting the mean of the Gaussian selection function by μ, R′ = E(Z1) − μ and S′ = E Z W) − μ are the mean phenotypic lag with respect to the mean of the fitness function of the progeny and the selected population.

Here R′ = E(Z1) − μ and S′ = E(Z W) − μ stand for the mean phenotypic lag with respect to the mean of the fitness function in the offspring and selected populations.

A total of 288 models were designed using GA and PSO algorithms and their validity were confirmed using root mean square error (RMSE) fitness function and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as shown in Eqs.

The following definition for S/N is used for a maximisation problem: frac{S}{N} = - 10log frac{1}{n}mathop sum limits_{i} frac{1}{{F_{i}^{2} }} (13 where ( F_{i} ) is the mean value of fitness function and ( n ) is the number of trials.

First, studies have used the overall directional curvature of mean fitness as a function of the number of random mutations introduced into the genome of some wild-type organism [ 2, 27- 31].

In an adaptive landscape, the surface elevation represents the mean fitness as a function of the characteristics of the population, and changes in the topography (e.g. peak movement) caused by changing densities are predicted to cause evolutionary responses in the population.