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The mean R values, representing the proportion of variation in each risk factor explained by the 28 instrumental variables together, for X1, X2, and X3 are 0.6%, 0.5%, and 3.2%, respectively, corresponding to mean F statistics of 6.6, 5.2, and 35.4.
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Adjusted mean daily amount smoked and F statistics were calculated using general linear models.
The levels present in different samples were calculated by F statistics [F = between tissue sample mean square/error mean square].
Unadjusted and multivariable adjusted means (95% CI) and adjusted mean group differences in measures of glucose tolerance among the four infant feeding groups were estimated from linear regression models (ANOVA, F statistics) adjusted for covariates.
F-value: F statistics of ANOVA.
The F statistics were exact.
Uncorrected DFs were reported for each F statistics.
Age was used as a covariate for all F statistics.
The genetic differentiation among M. simplex populations was measured by means of F-statistics [ 38].
The statistics of the trends (means, SD, F-statistics and Cohen's d) are found in the Additional file 1: Table S4 and S5.
The trend lines are presented graphically, with the means, SD, F-statistics and the standardized effect size including confidence intervals expressed by Cohen's d.
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