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The distance between mapped mean elements is known as Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD).
The algorithm incorporates realistic mission constraints, such as constant-magnitude thrust, and is implemented in feedback form, steering the mean elements to judiciously selected reference values.
The inverse transformation from the osculating into mean elements has the same general form as the direct transformation from the mean into osculating elements.
Since the general perturbations method usually uses mean orbital elements as arguments, while the osculating elements play the role of initial conditions for predictions, the relation between the osculating and mean elements has to be determined on the same level of accuracy as that of the theory of motion applied.
Furthermore, we can use the distance between the mean elements of two distributions p, p′, (the maximum mean discrepancy, MMD) as test statistics.
In the RKHS, the mean element of a distribution p contains the information of all higher-order moments and we can compute the empirical estimates (μ ~ s, μ ~ s ′ ) of the mean elements for X s, X s ′ as (1) μ ~ s = 1 m ∑ i = 1 m ϕ (x i s ), and μ ~ s ′ respectively.
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Following [4, 8, 9], we define the mapping to of as the expectation of with respect to (i.e., the mean element ): (1).
By embedding the distributions to RKHS, the corresponding factor is the mean element, which was introduced by Gretton et al. [8, 9].
The P-based expectation of ϕ(x) is the so-called mean element μ P [8,9]: μ P : P → ℱ (1).
The P-based expectation of ϕ(x) is the so-called mean element μ P [8,9]: μ P : P → ℱ (1) P ↦ ∫ X Φ ( x ) dP. (2) Section 3. The second paragraph after definition 3 should read as follows.
As shown in Table 5, each mean element score on the narrative task was equal to or slightly higher for the computer mode; however, the score on the opinion task was slightly higher for the face-to-face mode.
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