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Concerning the preservation of Galileo TIRs, the mean divergence for these sequences was only one half (~13.6%) of that for the TPase-encoding segment (~24%).
Similar(59)
Re-analysis of intra-specific divergence values for other samples, after excision of these taxa showing deep divergence, produced an 'adjusted' conspecific mean divergence of 0.21%.
For each bin, we plotted the cumulative probability of element age (percent divergence from consensus) and tested for significant differences between the mean divergence percentages for 1) f ^ g / f ^ s = 1 and f ^ g / f ^ s >> 1, and 2) f ^ g / f ^ s = 1 and f ^ g / f ^ s << 1 using 2-sample z-statistics.
On average, the six methods differed only 5.5 (4.6 6.4) % from the mean divergence time for a particular node.
This rate resulted in a mean divergence time for P. infestans and P. mirabilis of 1318 years ago (ya) (853 1836 ya 95% HPD) and for P. infestans type I and type II mtDNA haplotypes of 460 ya (300 643 ya 95% HPD).
We have considered the mutation rate of 0.55% per Myr proposed for the intergenic spacer Cox2-Cox3 (a non-coding sequence neighboring the COI marker) for the red algae Bostrychia calliptera[ 51] and a divergence rate of 6.5% per Myr (mean divergence rate for core eudicots, 560 species, [ 52]) as lower and higher thresholds.
The emergence of the ABO allele O01 therefore predates the mean divergence time for modern humans and Neandertals estimated to more than 500 Kya [ 16, 17] and opens the possibility to put a lower limit on the estimated coalescence date by directly testing for the presence of the O01 allele in the Neandertal population.
Mean divergence date estimates for the split between the chimpanzee and human head/body lice (Pediculus schaeffi and Pediculus humanus, respectively) averaged 6.39 MYA.
TreeAnnotator, part of the BEAST package, was then used to create a maximum clade credibility tree, with the mean divergence ages shown for all nodes with >95% highest posterior density.
Mean divergence ages (Table 1) for all sister species ranged from on average 1.6 to 6 million years ago (Ma).
Standard errors and confidence for mean divergence were also calculated by bootstrapping the results by FEIs, 4-fold and intronic.
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