Fig. 8 Spatial patterns of vegetation disturbance in Guna-Tana watershed (a n represent vegetation disturbance index anomaly from long-term mean disturbance from 2003 to 2016).
In the observed disturbance pattern, early winter habitat patches in 1997 were smaller and more uniform in size than in 1975, as suggested by decreases in mean patch size and patch size coefficient of variation indices.
Deviations of yearly vegetation disturbance values from long-term mean disturbance index was not far from ± 1 standard deviations.
A mean disturbance index of 0.28 ± 0.22 was obtained.
Species were categorized according to their mean disturbance of occupied sites.
If species are specialists for a particular disturbance level, it would be expected that Jaccard dissimilarity would increase or decrease with mean disturbance.
The resulting disturbance patterns alter physical and biotic processes fundamentally.
Forest landscape structure had a substantial effect on disturbance patterns and interactions between disturbances in this study.
where N 0, σ2I n ) represents the zero mean disturbances process with the constant variance σ2.
Collectively, these disturbance patterns have determined the temporal and geographic scales on which metapopulation processes play out for Puget Sound salmon.
