The mean disparity value, across participants, at which the stimulus was judged as fused on half of trials, was 73 arc min. This value is plotted as the vertical line in Fig. 2.
We use d to represent the disparity, and d z is the mean disparity for superpixel z which is normalized to [−1, +1].
Each superpixel t is described by the mean color feature {H, S, V}, coordinates of the superpixels {x, y}, and the mean disparity value d, x t = {H, S, V, x, y, d} t.
Specimens were re-sampled randomly with replacement 1000 times, and the mean (disparity value) and deviation calculated.
Moving up from the root of the phylogeny, a mean disparity is calculated at each node (divergence event) as the average of the relative disparities of all lineages whose ancestral lineages were present at that point [ 91].
Based on size data from extant species (see above), this approach calculates the mean disparity for the trait over time, and compares the observed body size disparity with that expected under a null model of Brownian-motion by simulating body size evolution 10,000 times across the tree [ 12].
Table 1 also summarises the reported and predicted energy intake (NIDDK model. It can be seen that only a mean of 79%% of the predicted energy intake was reported. Moreover, the mean disparity between the predicted and reported intake was larger (2598 kJ) than the value of the intervention (1800 kJ).
What do we mean by disparity?
This heteroscedasticity is due to increasing age disparities for men mean age disparity for male respondents rose from 2 years at ages 15 24 years to over 5 years by ages over 49 years (in contrast to women, for whom mean age disparity fell).
The deviation between observed disparity and Brownian simulations was quantified using the minimum discrimination index (MDI) statistic, which estimated the area between the curves of observed disparity and mean Brownian simulated disparity (as in Harmon et al., 2003).
