Moreover, although the groups were statistically different on this variable, the mean differences were relatively small.
Standardized mean differences were calculated because there were multiple outcome measures with different standard deviations.
Standardised mean differences were computed for continuous data and relative risks (RR) for dichotomous data.
Mean differences were not observed at two-thirds screw insertion (P =.12).
Five trials were included and methodological quality and mean or standardised mean differences were calculated.
Mean differences were obtained for 26 samples with a group-comparison design and 20 with a correlational design.
However, the relative mean differences were small (0.3%1.2%%).
Risk of bias was also assessed.Forest plots were created by using a fixed effects model, and mean differences were reported.
Mean differences were estimated using normal lowly informative prior distribution (N [μ = 0,σ = 10]) [24].
The mean differences were 0.74 ± 0.02 mm, 0.33 ± 0.13 mm, and 0.18 ± 0.07 mm in SI, AP, and ML directions, respectively.
The mean differences were 0.61 ± 0.17 mm, 0.32 ± 0.17 mm, and 0.14 ± 0.06 mm in SI, AP, and ML directions, respectively.
